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- The links between Groom Lake and California's Antelope Valley
- _____________________________________________________________
- by Paul McGinnis, May 28, 1995
-
-
- For more than 40 years, a secret airbase has existed at Groom
- Dry Lake, Nevada, to test classified aircraft. Originally
- built by the CIA, it is now operated by the Air Force as part
- of the Nellis Range Complex. In the past, the U-2, SR-71, and
- F-117 aircraft have been tested there, among others. Recently,
- the Air Force managed to withdraw 3,972 acres of public land
- to prevent people from seeing the base from some desert ridges
- ten miles away.
-
- There have been reports of exotic new low observable ("Stealth")
- and hypersonic aircraft at the Groom facility in the last few
- years. Since classified aircraft don't magically appear in
- Nevada, perhaps some attention should be focused on where
- classified aircraft have been designed and built, California's
- Antelope Valley, on the other side of the mountains north of
- Los Angeles County. Palmdale is the home of Air Force Plant 42,
- site of Lockheed-Martin's "Skunk Works" (Lockheed Advanced
- Development Co., on the west side of Plant 42), Northrop-Grumman's
- final assembly plant for the B-2 Stealth bomber, Rockwell, and
- other aerospace companies. Among the other sensitive sites around
- the Antelope Valley, are Northrop's Tejon Ranch radar cross section
- test facility (at the base of the Tehachapi mountains), Lockheed's
- radar cross section test site north of Helendale, and the General
- Atomics El Mirage Flight Test Facility, where the CIA's Gnat-750
- (Tier 1) and Predator (Tier 2) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, used
- for reconnaissance) are tested. To the north are Edwards AFB
- (classified aircraft have been tested on the northern part of
- the base) and the China Lake Naval Air Weapons Center, home of
- the Randsburg Wash Test Range, that the Navy described as "Sea
- Site I, a highly classified, sensitive, electronic warfare facility"
- in a land withdrawal handled by the California office of the
- Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in 1994. Various parts of the
- aerospace industry tend to concentrate around various locations.
- For example, reconnaissance satellites and other advanced
- electronics tend to be clustered around El Segundo, CA (home of
- Los Angeles Air Force Station, TRW, etc.) and Sunnyvale, CA (home
- of Onizuka AFB, Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., and others.)
- A significant group of airplane builders is clustered in the
- Antelope Valley, because of lower population densities and
- year-round ideal flying weather.
-
- Based on military documents, and what I've found, I believe that
- there are strong connections between operations in the Antelope
- Valley (especially Air Force Plant 42) and Groom Lake. Since many
- of the classified aircraft contracts in the past have gone to
- Lockheed's "Skunk Works", I should probably start there. Lockheed
- operations are located in two different parts of Plant 42 --
- large hangars and other buildings on the west side of the base,
- known as Plant 10 Complex, and U-2/F-117 upgrade activities located
- in Site 7, northwest of Palmdale Air Terminal. There are two 12,000
- foot (3692 meter) long runways at Plant 42. Runway 4-22 is used
- by Lockheed (at Site 7), and EG&G [see below]. It has been reported
- that occasionally, Air Force C-5 and C-141 transport aircraft have
- been loaded with unknown cargoes (presumably disassembled aircraft)
- in the middle of the night from the big hangars in Plant 10, taken
- to the other runway, runway 7-25, and flown to unknown destinations.
- Historically, Lockheed has conducted classified testing up at
- Groom Lake, Nevada, in programs like the U-2, SR-71, and F-117. To
- the northeast of the hangars and other buildings in Plant 10, one
- finds a large warehouse complex in Site 8, operated by Northrop-
- Grumman and a military contractor I've never heard of before,
- Pacifica Services. (Perhaps this is what Bob Lazar means when he
- claims he received his education at "Pacifica"...)
-
- At Groom Lake, base workers are flown in daily on 737s from a
- terminal at Las Vegas' McCarran Airport. This service is operated
- by Nevada Test Site contractor EG&G. Base workers at Groom Lake
- have been told to say the work for EG&G at the Nevada Test Site,
- rather than reveal they work at Groom Lake. Oddly enough, EG&G has
- a small hangar at Plant 42, located in Site 6, near the control
- tower, and just off runway 4-22. I have not confirmed the rumors
- that occasionally, Lockheed employees who live in Palmdale and
- Lancaster board chartered aircraft at Plant 42. I have not been
- able to find out what EG&G is doing at Plant 42, but it is supposed
- to be classified. Someday, I will have to lurk around the EG&G
- complex at 6 in the morning to see if any of the infamous "Janet"
- flights that leave Las Vegas for Groom Lake also shuttle workers
- from Plant 42.
-
- Speaking of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), I recently obtained NTS
- security manuals for 1978, 1985, and 1991. What's interesting is
- that this document identifies NTS badges, and indicates that if a
- badge has an '8' marked on it, the wearer is cleared to go up to
- Area 51. There is a list of sensitive sites, and the appropriate
- badge markings. Since the only Air Force place you can get to from
- NTS, along a road that has a guard station where badges are checked,
- is Area 51 (going north up Mercury Highway or Valley Road),it looks
- like they are talking about our favorite place...
-
- Here's how the '8' indication is described in various editions of
- the NTS security manuals. (It says that special authorization is
- needed to go to security area '8'.)
-
- date of manual site description
- ------------- ---------------
- 1978 Project #51 (USAF)
- 1985 USAF (Appendix calls it "Project 51 USAF")
- 1991 DET 1
-
- DET 1 is an Air Force abbreviation for Detachment 1. Based on what
- I have seen in military documents, I think the DET 1 referred to
- for Groom Lake is Detachment 1, Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC),
- part of the Air Force's Materiel Command, headquartered at Wright-
- Patterson AFB, Ohio. This DET 1 is the organization that runs
- Air Force Plant 42, and I think is the same DET 1 referred to above.
- Aeronautical Systems Center has been involved with numerous
- aircraft programs that were classified at one point in time. For
- example, part of budget justification item submitted to Congress
- for Program Element (PE) 0207141F, F-117A Squadrons, states that
- the F-117A Development System Program Office is located at Wright-
- Patterson AFB, and "some development work will be performed by
- Wright Labs, Aeronautical Systems Center". PE 0604240F, B-2 Advanced
- Technology Bomber, states, "The B-2 Program is managed by the B-2
- Systems Program Office, Aeronautical Systems Center, Wright-Patterson
- AFB, Ohio." Given the ASC's past involvement with classified
- aircraft and their role as the leader in Air Force aircraft
- development and procurement programs, and their role at Plant 42,
- my guess is that they would have a strong role at Groom Lake.
-
- Sources used:
- -------------
-
- * Air Force budget documents released under the Freedom of Information
- Act (FOIA) or purchased from the government. These items are provided
- to Congress each Fiscal Year, as part of the CBJBs (Congressional
- Budget Justification Book).
-
- * material on Plant 42, released under the FOIA, including base maps,
- the briefing provided to military contractors ("California's Antelope
- Valley-A National Aerospace Treasure"), and "Partners in Progress -
- LADOA & PRAC / USAF Plant 42".
-
- * "Security Instructions - Personnel Security System", for 1978,
- 1985, and 1991, from U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations
- Office. (These are the NTS security manuals mentioned above.)
-
- * "Lockheed Skunk Works", by Steve Pace, 1992, Motorbooks.
-
- * Author's experiences in the Antelope Valley, and conversations
- with aerospace workers and government offficials.
-
-
- Paul McGinnis / TRADER@cup.portal.com / PaulMcG@aol.com
- http://www.portal.com/~trader/home.html
-
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